Black Locust trees spread swiftly because they grow quickly and generate many seeds that wind and animals can distribute.
Their vast root system generates suckers, forming dense thickets that can outcompete local flora.
Black Locust trees exude toxins into the soil that impede plant growth, limiting biodiversity.
They fix nitrogen in the soil, changing soil composition and nutrient cycle, making native plants that prefer low nitrogen unsuitable.
Their tolerance of poor soils and ability to survive in disturbed sites and intact ecosystems helps them establish in new regions.